1. 01 Arms Control Basics

    For several decades, arms control, non-proliferation and disarmament have played a key role in many states’ security and foreign policies. This learning unit provides a general introduction to the ...

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  2. 02 Chemical Weapons

    Modern chemical weapons (CW) were first used on a large scale in 1915 and became a prominent feature in the battles of World War I. Chemical weapons were the product of scientific advances, ...

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  3. 03 Biological Weapons

    The Ebola crisis in West Africa (2014–2016) and especially the Corona pandemic in the early 2020s reminded us of the challenge to contain and manage pandemic diseases in a globalised and ...

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  4. 04 Nuclear Weapons I

    This learning unit examines the technical foundations of nuclear weapons, including fission and fusion processes, weapon designs, and the nuclear fuel cycle. It also explores disarmament ...

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  5. 05 Nuclear Weapons II

    The Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) is the single most important treaty covering nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament. This learning unit introduces the NPT and discusses its political,...

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  6. 06 WMD-free Zones

    While the world wrestles with the idea of a world free of nuclear weapons, some regions are already a step ahead. The whole southern hemisphere is a nuclear weapon-free zone (NWFZ) and also in the ...

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  7. 07 Missiles

    This unit provides a comprehensive analysis of missile systems, encompassing technical specifications, strategic implications, and political ramifications. It examines proliferation dynamics, ...

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  8. 08 Space Security

    The learning unit offers a comprehensive exploration of space security, covering risks such as space weather and intentional threats, emphasising the importance of Space Situational Awareness, ...

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  9. 09 Humanitarian Arms Control I

    Anti-personnel landmines and cluster munitions have been banned for their harmful effects on civilians. Treaties such as the Mine Ban Treaty (1997) and the Convention on Cluster Munitions (2008) ...

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  10. 10 Humanitarian Arms Control II

    This learning unit aims to enhance understanding of the illicit proliferation of SALW, policy instruments for controlling illicit SALW proliferation and the key challenges that hinder effective ...

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  11. 11 Arms Control In Europe

    This learning unit will present the history of the development of the European arms control architecture, outline its main components and discuss its gradual unravelling, addressing conventional ...

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  12. 12 Export Controls

    This learning unit aims to enhance understanding of the illicit proliferation of SALW, policy instruments for controlling illicit SALW proliferation and the key challenges that hinder effective ...

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  13. 13 Compliance and Enforcement

    How do countries ensure compliance with arms control agreements? This unit dives into the complexities of compliance, enforcement, verification, and international norms. The unit features ...

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  14. 14 EU Disarmament and Non-Proliferation

    As an actor in the non-proliferation, disarmament and arms control domain, the European Union has a mixed record. On the one hand, it displays strengths in certain traditional aspects of its ...

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  15. 15 Emerging Technologies

    The military use of certain emerging technologies not only has the potential to revolutionise warfare, but also to cause disruption on the international stage. At the same time, traditional arms ...

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  16. 16 Gender

    While the link between gender and disarmament may not be apparent at first, gender has played an important role in disarmament affairs since the early 20th century. The learning unit will ...

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  17. 17 Disarmament Law

    International non-proliferation and disarmament law forms part of international law and constitutes one of international law’s many sub-regimes. It addresses very specific issues of major ...

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  18. 18 UN Disarmament Machinery

    Humankind has always been perturbed by the use of particularly cruel means of war. As a result, a number of actions have been taken to restrict such use. The establishment of the United Nations ...

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  19. 19 Cyberconflict and Cyberstrategy

    Hardly a day passes without bad news from the cyber sector: Cyberattacks against state and military institutions are now almost the norm, and private individuals must be enormously wary of phishing...

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  20. 20 Arms Control History

    This learning unit aims to provide a brief history of arms control in a classical chronological order, focusing primarily on the West, from antiquity to the present. In doing so, it postulates that...

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